Adaptive Immunity

Introduction to Molecular Biology

Lesson

Topic

Essential Idea and Objective(s)

IB Curriculum Connections

Activities

1	Intro to Molecular Bio	Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved (2.1.U1). Define “molecular biology.” Organic molecules are mainly composed of carbon, hydrogen and oxygen with smaller proportions of nitrogen, phosphorus and sulfur. Elements have different functions in different organisms. For example, iron is required for electron transfer in photosynthesis in plants and in the transport of oxygen in animals. Elements such as magnesium or calcium are only needed in small quantities. For example, magnesium and calcium Trace elements are needed for metabolism. For example, iron and copper. Some essential trace elements are toxic in high doses. For example, copper.	Molecular biology explains living processes in terms of the chemical substances involved ( 2.1.U1).	nitial Knowledge Audit (ICI) Systems vs reductionist approach Systems vs reductionist reading A&B Systems biology reading Biochem Booklet page 1
2	Carbon chemistry	Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist. Outline the number and type of bond carbon can form with other atoms. Draw skeletal molecular structures from full structure diagrams. Functional groups such as carboxyl, amine, phosphate and hydroxyl are found in many molecules. Recognize common functional groups.	Carbon atoms can form four covalent bonds allowing a diversity of stable compounds to exist (2.1.U2).	Biochem booklet page 2 Basic organic chemistry notes Carbon chemistry review Drawing skeletal structures intro Drawing structures key More practice with structures More practice key A&B: TED talk: a crash course in organic chemistry (questions) Modeling functional groups
3	Carbon Compounds	Life in all organisms is based on a diverse collection of carbon compounds including carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids. List the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms. Identify the four major classes of carbon compounds used by living organisms from given diagrams (examples will include D-ribose, alpha glucose, beta glucose, triglycerides, phospholipids and steroids). The tetrahedral arrangement of bonds around a carbon atom gives a 3-D diversity to organic molecules, in the form of structural isomers. Define isomer. State that glucose and fructose are isomers.	Life is based on carbon compounds including carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids (2.1.U3). Identification of biochemicals such as sugars, lipids, or amino acids from molecular drawings (2.1.S2).	Biochem booklet remaining labels Molecules for booklet Carbon compound notes Biomolecules drag and drop Pattern matching directions Pattern matching molecules LF Desmos Pattern Matching
4	Reactions	Monomers are the smallest unit of a polymer. Define monomer and polymer. Monomers are built up into polymers by condensation reactions. Define anabolism. Describe condensation reactions. Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a condensation reaction. Polymers are broken down into monomers by hydrolysis reactions. Define catabolism. Contrast anabolism and catabolism. Describe hydrolysis reactions. Using simple shapes to represent monomers, diagram a hydrolysis reaction.	Anabolism is the synthesis of complex molecules from simpler molecules including the formation of macromolecules from monomers by condensation reactions (2.1.U5). Catabolism is the breakdown of complex molecules into simpler molecules including the hydrolysis of macromolecules into monomers (2.1.U6)	Reaction types notes Monomer-Polymer Game
5	Vitamins and Minerals		D.1.U3: Vitamins are chemically diverse carbon compounds that cannot be synthesized by the body. Define vitamin. Given a molecular diagram of a vitamin, determine if t is hydrophobic or hydrophilic. Compare the properties of water soluble and fat soluble vitamins. List two example water soluble vitamins and two example fat soluble vitamins. D.1.U2: Dietary minerals are essential chemical elements. State the difference between a vitamin and a mineral. List two example essential minerals. D.1.A3: Lack of Vitamin D or calcium can affect bone mineralization and cause rickets or osteomalacia. Explain the relationship between vitamin D, calcium, osteomalacia and skin cancer.	Vitamins and minerals notes Vitamins and minerals handwritten notes A&B: Vitamin C biosynthesis Review of vitamins Vitamins CFU A&B: Science Versus Vitamins A&B: Sawbones Vitamins Scurvy and Vit C starts at about 8:00
6	Nutrition		D.1.S2: Use of databases of nutritional content of foods and software to calculate intakes of essential nutrients from a daily diet. Use a computer application to keep a record of food consumed in a single day. Compare tracked food intake to the recommended intake of nutrients.	Nutrition flow chart blank Nutrition flow chart complete Nutritional analysis Optional: food testing labs
7	Unit Wrap Up and Review	Not applicable	Not applicable	Class review slides Kahoot review (ICTD) 1 page-summary (OCI) General directions Specifics for this unit Final Knowledge Audit (ICI)